一點筆記－Marx and Rawls

A 經常講Rawls。我自己唔多熟，而且第一次聽Rawls 覺得唔係好勁姐。今日咁俾我發現左Understanding Society: Marx's Influence on Rawls。由於A 同我講Rawls 係democratic socialism，同呢篇又有少少出入。篇文講Rawls 受Marx 影響主要係Early Marx 即係講 Alienation 的階段，或者係marxist humanism。Rawls 沒有接受後期的Marx，文中提及那是因為後期的Marx 講critique 同exploitation。Rawls 覺得這兩個概念是反自由：－

And why is this? Apparently because both ideas are fundamentally anti-liberal. As Rawls writes in his lectures on political philosophy, "I will consider Marx solely as a critic of liberalism" (Freeman, 320). The two ideas mentioned here both fall in the category of fundamental critique of liberalism. The first discredits the philosophical foundations of Smithian political economy, promising to lay bare the underlying and contradictory assumptions it rests upon. The second lays out an explicit theory purporting to demonstrate the explicit inequality and unfairness of market institutions at their core. Perhaps it was cognitive dissonance that kept Rawls from giving more attention to the later Marx.

雖然是這樣說，但我覺得Rawls 應該明白到經濟能力與自由的關係。後來許多學者嘗試解釋馬克思的剝削，尤其是在後來的經濟學完全否定其勞動價值論，道德力量因而減少。但聽說A聽說Rawls 反對welfare state，原因為選舉仍會被有錢人操弄。還是要看看Rawls 的立場，還有其實踐路線。